Lectures on Monte Carlo Theory

Topics include the generation and analysis of pseudorandom numbers (which are intended to imitate truly random numbers on a computer), the design and justification of Monte Carlo algorithms, and advanced approaches such as Markov chain Monte Carlo and stochastic optimization. In contrast to deterministic numerical methods, the outcome of a Monte Carlo algorithm is itself random – and one needs the tools of probability and statistics to interpret these results meaningfully. The theoretical foundations, particularly the law of large numbers and central limit theorem, are combined with practical algorithms that reveal both the strengths and subtleties of stochastic simulation.