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Analysis of Excitation and Ionization of Atoms and Molecules by Electron Impact (Repost)

Posted By: AvaxGenius
Analysis of Excitation and Ionization of Atoms and Molecules by Electron Impact (Repost)

Analysis of Excitation and Ionization of Atoms and Molecules by Electron Impact by Afzal Chaudhry , Hans Kleinpoppen
English | PDF (True) | 2010 | 236 Pages | ISBN : 1441969462 | 4.5 MB

The content of this book describes in detail the results of the present measurements of the partial and total doubly differential cross sections for the multiple-ionization of rare gas atoms by electron impact. These measurements show, beside other trends, the role of Auger transitions in the production of multiply ionized atoms in the region where the incident electron energy is sufficient to produce inner shell ionization. Other processes like Coster-Kronig transitions and shake off also contribute towards increasing the charge of the ions. The incident electron having energy of 6 keV, for example, in a collision with xenon atom can remove up to nine electrons! (*) X-ray-ion coincidence spectroscopy of the electron xenon atom collisions is also described.

1000 Solved Problems in Modern Physics (Repost)

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1000 Solved Problems in Modern Physics (Repost)

1000 Solved Problems in Modern Physics by Ahmad A. Kamal
English | PDF (True) | 2010 | 643 Pages | ISBN : 3642043321 | 7.8 MB

This book is targeted mainly to the undergraduate students of USA, UK and other European countries, and the M. Sc of Asian countries, but will be found useful for the graduate students, Graduate Record Examination (GRE), Teachers and Tutors. This is a by-product of lectures given at the Osmania University, University of Ottawa and University of Tebrez over several years, and is intended to assist the students in their assignments and examinations. The book covers a wide spectrum of disciplines in Modern Physics, and is mainly based on the actual examination papers of UK and the Indian Universities. The selected problems display a large variety and conform to syllabi which are currently being used in various countries. The book is divided into ten chapters. Each chapter begins with basic concepts containing a set of formulae and explanatory notes for quick reference, followed by a number of problems and their detailed solutions. The problems are judiciously selected and are arranged section-wise. The so- tions are neither pedantic nor terse. The approach is straight forward and step– step solutions are elaborately provided. More importantly the relevant formulas used for solving the problems can be located in the beginning of each chapter. There are approximately 150 line diagrams for illustration. Basic quantum mechanics, elementary calculus, vector calculus and Algebra are the pre-requisites.

Experimental Techniques in Nuclear and Particle Physics

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Experimental Techniques in Nuclear and Particle Physics

Experimental Techniques in Nuclear and Particle Physics by Stefaan Tavernier
English | PDF EPUB (True) | 2010 | 316 Pages | ISBN : 3642008283 | 19.6 MB

I have been teaching courses on experimental techniques in nuclear and particle physics to master students in physics and in engineering for many years. This book grew out of the lecture notes I made for these students. The physics and engineering students have rather different expectations of what such a course should be like. I hope that I have nevertheless managed to write a book that can satisfy the needs of these different target audiences. The lectures themselves, of course, need to be adapted to the needs of each group of students. An engineering student will not qu- tion a statement like “the velocity of the electrons in atoms is ?1% of the velocity of light”, a physics student will. Regarding units, I have written factors h and c explicitly in all equations throughout the book. For physics students it would be preferable to use the convention that is common in physics and omit these constants in the equations, but that would probably be confusing for the engineering students. Physics students tend to be more interested in theoretical physics courses. However, physics is an experimental science and physics students should und- stand how experiments work, and be able to make experiments work.

Quantum Theory: A Wide Spectrum

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Quantum Theory: A Wide Spectrum

Quantum Theory: A Wide Spectrum by E.B. Manoukian
English | PDF | 2006 | 1018 Pages | ISBN : 14020418960 | 13.7 MB

In addition to traditional topics, this book includes: selective measurements, Wigner's Theorem of symmetry transformations, generators of quantum transformations, supersymmetry, details on the spectra of Hamiltonians and stability of quantum systems, Bose-Fermi oscillators, coherent states, hyperfine structure of the H-atom for any angular momentum, the non-relativistic Lamb shift, anomalous magnetic moment of the electron, Ramsey oscillatory fields methods, measurement, interference and the role of the environment, the AB effect, geometric phases, including non-adiabatic and non-cyclic, Schrödinger's cat and quantum decoherence, quantum teleportation and cryptography, quantum dynamics of the Stern-Gerlach effect, Green functions, path integrals, including constrained dynamics, quantum dynamical principle and variations, systematics of multi-electron atoms, stability of matter, collapse of "bosonic matter" and the role of spin, intricacies of scattering, quantum description of relativistic particles for any spin and mass, spinors, helicity, the Spin and Statistics Theorem. It also contains numerous problems some of which are challenging enough for research.

Particles and Nuclei: An Introduction to the Physical Concepts

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Particles and Nuclei: An Introduction to the Physical Concepts

Particles and Nuclei: An Introduction to the Physical Concepts by Bogdan Povh , Klaus Rith , Christoph Scholz , Frank Zetsche
English | PDF (True) | 2006 | 394 Pages | ISBN : 3540366830 | 3.8 MB

This well-known introductory textbook gives a uniform presentation of nuclear and particle physics from an experimental point of view.
The new edition has been extensively revised and updated.
The first part, Analysis, is devoted to disentangling the substructure of matter. This part shows that experiments designed to uncover the substructures of nuclei and nucleons have a similar conceptual basis, and lead to the present picture of all matter being constructed from a small number of elementary building blocks and a small number of fundamental interactions.

Cosmic Ray Interactions, Propagation, and Acceleration in Space Plasmas (Repost)

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Cosmic Ray Interactions, Propagation, and Acceleration in Space Plasmas (Repost)

Cosmic Ray Interactions, Propagation, and Acceleration in Space Plasmas by Lev I. Dorman
English | PDF (True) | 2006 | 877 Pages | ISBN : 140205100X | 14.9 MB

xxii CONTENTS In 1957 I was invited to work on special problems in Magnetic Laboratory of the Academy of Sciences of USSR as a Head of Department of Magnetic Hydrodynamics. In few years this Laboratory was transfered into the I. V. Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy, and I continued to work in this Institute up to 1965. In parallel I also worked at Moscow State University as Professor in the CR and Space Research Team. I also gave lectures in Irkutsk, Alma-Ata, Nalchik, Tbilisi, Erevan, Samarkand, and others places. Over about 40 years of teaching under my supervision more than hundred graduate students and scientists in USSR and some other countries gained their Ph. D. and several tenths became Doctors of Science. As my hobby I continued to work in CR research, and as Vice-President of All-Union Section of Cosmic Rays and Radiation Belts, took an active part in preparing the Soviet net of CR stations to the IGY (International Geophysical Year, 1957-1958): we equipped all soviet stations in USSR and in Antarctica with standard cubic and semi-cubic muon telescopes and with neutron monitors of IGY (or Simpson’s) type. In connection with preparing for the IQSY (the International Quiet Sun Year, 1964-1965), the soviet net of CR stations was extended about two fold and they were equipped with neutron super-monitors of IQSY type (with an effective surface about 10 times bigger than the previous monitor of IGY type).

Lecture Notes on Principles of Plasma Processing

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Lecture Notes on Principles of Plasma Processing

Lecture Notes on Principles of Plasma Processing by Francis F. Chen , Jane P. Chang
English | PDF | 2003 | 213 Pages | ISBN : 0306474972 | 26.1 MB

Plasma processing of semiconductors is an interdisciplinary field requiring knowledge of both plasma physics and chemical engineering. The two authors are experts in each of these fields, and their collaboration results in the merging of these fields with a common terminology. Basic plasma concepts are introduced painlessly to those who have studied undergraduate electromagnetics but have had no previous exposure to plasmas. Unnecessarily detailed derivations are omitted; yet the reader is led to understand in some depth those concepts, such as the structure of sheaths, that are important in the design and operation of plasma processing reactors. Physicists not accustomed to low-temperature plasmas are introduced to chemical kinetics, surface science, and molecular spectroscopy. The material has been condensed to suit a nine-week graduate course, but it is sufficient to bring the reader up to date on current problems such as copper interconnects, low-k and high-k dielectrics, and oxide damage. Students will appreciate the web-style layout with ample color illustrations opposite the text, with ample room for notes.

Ettore Majorana: Notes on Theoretical Physics

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Ettore Majorana: Notes on Theoretical Physics

Ettore Majorana: Notes on Theoretical Physics by Salvatore Esposito, Ettore Majorana, Alwyn Merwe, Erasmo Recami
English | PDF | 2003 | 505 Pages | ISBN : 1402016492 | 28.4 MB

HISTORICAL PRELUDE Ettore Majorana's fame solidly rests on testimonies like the following, from the evocative pen of Giuseppe Cocconi. At the request of Edoardo Amaldi, he wrote from CERN (July 18, 1965): "In January 1938, after having just graduated, I was invited, essen­ tially by you, to come to the Institute of Physics at the University in Rome for six months as a teaching assistant, and once I was there I would have the good fortune of joining Fermi, Bernardini (who had been given a chair at Camerino a few months earlier) and Ageno (he, too, a new graduate), in the research of the products of disintegration of /-L "mesons" (at that time called mesotrons or yukons), which are produced by cosmic rays [ . . . ] "It was actually while I was staying with Fermi in the small laboratory on the second floor, absorbed in our work, with Fermi working with a piece of Wilson's chamber (which would help to reveal mesons at the end of their range) on a lathe and me constructing a jalopy for the illumination of the chamber, using the flash produced by the explosion of an aluminum ribbon short circuited on a battery, that Ettore Majorana came in search of Fermi. I was introduced to him and we exchanged few words. A dark face. And that was it.

Atoms, Solids, and Plasmas in Super-Intense Laser Fields

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Atoms, Solids, and Plasmas in Super-Intense Laser Fields

Atoms, Solids, and Plasmas in Super-Intense Laser Fields by Dimitri Batani, Charles J. Joachain, Sergio Martellucci, Arthur N. Chester
English | PDF | 2001 | 409 Pages | ISBN : 0306466155 | 46 MB

The recent developement of high power lasers, delivering femtosecond pulses of 20 2 intensities up to 10 W/cm , has led to the discovery of new phenomena in laser interactions with matter. At these enormous laser intensities, atoms, and molecules are exposed to extreme conditions and new phenomena occur, such as the very rapid multi photon ionization of atomic systems, the emission by these systems of very high order harmonics of the exciting laser light, the Coulomb explosion of molecules, and the acceleration of electrons close to the velocity of light. These phenomena generate new behaviour of bulk matter in intense laser fields, with great potential for wide ranging applications which include the study of ultra-fast processes, the development of high-frequency lasers, and the investigation of the properties of plasmas and condensed matter under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure. In particular, the concept of the "fast ignitor" approach to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) has been proposed, which is based on the separation of the compression and the ignition phases in laser-driven ICF. The aim of this course on "Atom, Solids and Plasmas in Super-Intense Laser fields" was to bring together senior researchers and students in atomic and molecular physics, laser physics, condensed matter and plasma physics, in order to review recent developments in high-intensity laser-matter interactions. The course was held at the Ettore Majorana International Centre for Scientific Culture in Erice from July 8 to July 14,2000.

Gauge Theory of Weak Interactions, Third Edition

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Gauge Theory of Weak Interactions, Third Edition

Gauge Theory of Weak Interactions, Third Edition by Walter Greiner , Berndt Müller
English | PDF | 2000 | 413 Pages | ISBN : 3540676724 | 30.3 MB

Gauge Theory of Weak Interactions treats the unification of electromagnetic and weak interactions and considers related phenomena. First, the Fermi theory of beta decay is presented, followed by a discussion of parity violation, clarifying the importance of symmetries. Then the concept of a spontaneously broken gauge theory is introduced, and all necessary mathematical tools are carefully developed. The "standard model" of unified electroweak interactions is thoroughly discussed including current developments. The final chapter contains an introduction to unified theories of strong and electroweak interactions. Numerous solved examples and problems make this volume uniquely suited as a text for an advanced course. This third edition has been carefully revised.

Nuclear Matter in Different Phases and Transitions

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Nuclear Matter in Different Phases and Transitions

Nuclear Matter in Different Phases and Transitions: Proceedings of the Workshop Nuclear Matter in Different Phases and Transitions, March 31–April 10, 1998, Les Houches, France by Jean-Paul Blaizot, Xavier Campi, Marek Ploszajczak
English | PDF | 1999 | 523 Pages | ISBN : 0792356608 | 47.3 MB

Nuclei in their ground states behave as quantum fluids, Fermi liquids. When the density, or the temperature of that fluid increases, various phase transitions may occur. Thus, for moderate excitation energies, of the order of a few MeV per nucleon, nuclear matter behaves as an ordinary fluid with gaseous and liquid phases, and a coexistence region below a critical temperature. For higher excitation energies, of the order of a few Ge V per nucleon, the composition of nuclear matter changes, nucleons being gradually turned into baryonic resonances of various kinds. Finally, when 3 the energy density exceeds some few GeV /fm , nuclear matter turns into a gas of weakly interacting quarks and gluons. This new phase of matter has been called the quark-gluon plasma, and its existence is a prediction of Quantum Chromodynamics. Collisions of heavy ions produce nuclear matter with various degrees of excitation. In fact, by selecting the impact parameter and the bombarding energy, one can produce nuclear matter with specified baryonic density and excitation energy. Several major experimental programs are under way (for instance at GANIL, with the detector INDRA, at GSI with the detector ALADIN, at the CERN-SPS, at the AGS of Brookhaven, etc. ), or are in preparation (RRIC, LHC, etc. ). The goal of these experiments is to get evidence for the different phases of nuclear matter predicted by the theory, and to study their properties.

Plasma Astrophysics: Kinetic Processes in Solar and Stellar Coronae

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Plasma Astrophysics: Kinetic Processes in Solar and Stellar Coronae

Plasma Astrophysics: Kinetic Processes in Solar and Stellar Coronae by Arnold Benz
English | PDF | 1993 | 315 Pages | ISBN : 0792324293 | 31.2 MB

This textbook is intended as an introduction to the physics of solar and stellar coronae, emphasizing kinetic plasma processes. It is addressed to observational astronomers, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates without a back­ ground in plasma physics. Coronal physics is today a vast field with many different aims and goals. Sort­ ing out the really important aspects of an observed phenomenon and using the physics best suited for the case is a formidable problem.

Many-Particle Physics

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Many-Particle Physics

Many-Particle Physics by Gerald D. Mahan
English | PDF | 1990 | 1041 Pages | ISBN : 0306434237 | 70.4 MB

This textbook is for a course in advanced solid-state theory. It is aimed at graduate students in their third or fourth year of study who wish to learn the advanced techniques of solid-state theoretical physics. The method of Green's functions is introduced at the beginning and used throughout. Indeed, it could be considered a book on practical applications of Green's functions, although I prefer to call it a book on physics. The method of Green's functions has been used by many theorists to derive equations which, when solved, provide an accurate numerical description of many processes in solids and quantum fluids. In this book I attempt to summarize many of these theories in order to show how Green's functions are used to solve real problems. My goal, in writing each section, is to describe calculations which can be compared with experiments and to provide these comparisons whenever available. The student is expected to have a background in quantum mechanics at the level acquired from a graduate course using the textbook by either L. I. Schiff, A. S. Davydov, or I. Landau and E. M. Lifshiftz. Similarly, a prior course in solid-state physics is expected, since the reader is assumed to know concepts such as Brillouin zones and energy band theory. Each chapter has problems which are an important part of the lesson; the problems often provide physical insights which are not in the text. Sometimes the answers to the problems are provided, but usually not.

Introduction to Nonlinear Fluid-Plasma Waves

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Introduction to Nonlinear Fluid-Plasma Waves

Introduction to Nonlinear Fluid-Plasma Waves by Bhimsen K. Shivamoggi
English | PDF | 1988 | 213 Pages | ISBN : 9024736625 | 11.8 MB

A variety of nonlinear effects occur in a plasma. First, there are the wave­ steepening effects which can occur in any fluid in which the propagation speed depends upon the wave-amplitude. In a dispersive medium this can lead to classes of nonlinear waves which may have stationary solutions like solitons and shocks. Because the plasma also acts like an inherently nonlinear dielectric resonant interactions among waves lead to exchange of energy among them. Further, an electromagnetic wave interacting with a plasma may parametrically excite other waves in the plasma. A large-amplitude Langmuir wave undergoes a modulational instability which arises through local depressions in plasma density and the corresponding increases in the energy density of the wave electric field. Whereas a field collapse occurs in two and three dimensions, in a one-dimensional case, spatially localized stationary field structures called Langmuir solitons can result. Many other plasma waves like upper-hybrid waves, lower-hybrid waves etc.

Quantum Electrodynamics of Strong Fields: With an Introduction into Modern Relativistic Quantum Mechanics

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Quantum Electrodynamics of Strong Fields: With an Introduction into Modern Relativistic Quantum Mechanics

Quantum Electrodynamics of Strong Fields: With an Introduction into Modern Relativistic Quantum Mechanics by Walter Greiner , Berndt Müller , Johann Rafelski
English | PDF | 1985 | 605 Pages | ISBN : 3642822746 | 47.3 MB

The fundamental goal of physics is an understanding of the forces of nature in their simplest and most general terms. Yet there is much more involved than just a basic set of equations which eventually has to be solved when applied to specific problems. We have learned in recent years that the structure of the ground state of field theories (with which we are generally concerned) plays an equally funda­ mental role as the equations of motion themselves. Heisenberg was probably the first to recognize that the ground state, the vacuum, could acquire certain prop­ erties (quantum numbers) when he devised a theory of ferromagnetism. Since then, many more such examples are known in solid state physics, e. g. supercon­ ductivity, superfluidity, in fact all problems concerned with phase transitions of many-body systems, which are often summarized under the name synergetics. Inspired by the experimental observation that also fundamental symmetries, such as parity or chiral symmetry, may be violated in nature, it has become wide­ ly accepted that the same field theory may be based on different vacua. Practical­ ly all these different field phases have the status of more or less hypothetical models, not (yet) directly accessible to experiments. There is one magnificent ex­ ception and this is the change of the ground state (vacuum) of the electron-posi­ tron field in superstrong electric fields.