This book comprehensively outlines synchrotron-based X-ray imaging technologies and their associated applications in gaining fundamental insights into the physical and chemical properties as well as reaction mechanisms of energy materials. In this book the major X-ray imaging technologies utilised, depending on research goals and sample specifications, are discussed. With X-ray imaging techniques, the morphology, phase, lattice and strain information of energy materials in both 2D and 3D can be obtained in an intuitive way.

This book explores energy efficiency solutions, offering lucid explanations coupled with actionable guidance. It is an indispensable reference for professionals such as designers, analysts, and individuals keen on mastering energy efficiency. It starts with an introduction to the foundational principles of thermodynamics and energy efficiency, setting the stage for deeper comprehension of subsequent topics. It further elucidates the concept of exergy, shedding light on the measurement of energy quality and its significance in energy efficiency evaluations. A pivotal focus of the book is on the Energy Return on Investment (EROI) and its implications for the competitive landscape of oil production. Readers will gain valuable insights into the integral role that energy efficiency plays in enhancing the overall efficiency and profitability of oil-producing entities. The book underscores the pragmatic application of energy efficiency analyses specifically within the realm of oil production. This book is a compendium of best practices, illustrative case studies, and contemporary methodologies in energy efficiency analysis. This immersive, hands-on approach empowers designers and analysts with the requisite tools and expertise to drive optimal energy utilization in oil production facilities.

This book is a collection of peer-reviewed best-selected research papers presented at the National Conference on Energy Materials and Devices (E-MAD 2022), organized by the Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, India, during 16–18 December 2022. The book focusses on the current state-of-the-art research and development in the field of lithium and beyond lithium-ion batteries as electrochemical energy storage devices for sustainable development to meet the energy storage needs. This includes the materials’ design using computational approaches together with experimental advances targeting the next-generation energy storage materials and devices such as photo rechargeable batteries. In addition, the proceedings also focus simultaneously on green hydrogen energy generation, storage, and integration in fuel cells. It includes the catalytically active nanoengineered materials for hydrogen generation, functionalized hydrides and their composites for enhanced hydrogen storage together with their possible integration in fuel cells for their direct energy generation applications.

This book covers various subtopics of catalyst research. It provides essential background material on key concepts in catalyst technologies, along with recent developments in synthesis methods.

This collection explores the methods and challenges of containing corrosive and abrasive materials at extreme temperatures, whether they are used across commodities or technology specific. There is much to be learned from cross-commodity and cross-technology perspectives and this collection creates a platform for the exchange of ideas on the challenges, solutions, failures, and successes in furnace containment designs and applications while bringing together perspectives from industry, design houses, and research institutions. Topics include, but are not limited to:

This book highlights the promising photocatalytic methods for synthesizing organic chemicals by simultaneously degrading the toxicity of raw substances used for organic synthesis. It presents various semiconducting materials with high catalytic activities in hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) and hydrogenation reactions, as well as the material characterizations for identifying semiconductor photocatalysts. The focus is on understanding the hydrogen dissociation and activation of substances in the process of hydrogenation and the fabrication of nanostructured catalysts with desired activity and selectivity. Recent works show photocatalytic hydrogenation reactions with in situ generated H+ on catalyst surfaces utilizing initial chemicals such as nitrophenol, nitrobenzene, azobenzene, and benzene for valorization. In addition, the photocatalytic valorization of waste glycerol is also discussed. Besides the hydrogenation reactions, the reduction of oxygen to form H2O2 can be done with a photocatalytic method in atmospheric conditions. Some related perspectives and outlooks are also discussed for possible future development.

This book presents the findings of a major research program investigating structural design and controllable preparation of function-directed crystalline materials. The program was launched by the National Natural Science Foundation of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, which was started in October 2008 and concluded at the end of 2016. This book first summarizes the overall scientific objectives and the current state of the art of crystalline materials research in China and the international frontier.

This book presents a comprehensive review of recent developments in vanadium-based nanomaterials for next-generation electrochemical energy storage. The basic electrochemical energy storage and conversion equipment are elaborated, and the vanadium-based nanomaterials of the synthesis approaches, characterizations, electrochemical storage mechanisms, and performance optimization tactics are discussed. Examples are taken from various chemical energy storage devices to expound the functions of advanced vanadium-based nanomaterials for specific applications. Finally, various challenges and perspectives on vanadium-based nanomaterial development as an emerging energy storage solution are considered.

This book presents a comprehensive review of recent developments in vanadium-based nanomaterials for next-generation electrochemical energy storage. The basic electrochemical energy storage and conversion equipment are elaborated, and the vanadium-based nanomaterials of the synthesis approaches, characterizations, electrochemical storage mechanisms, and performance optimization tactics are discussed. Examples are taken from various chemical energy storage devices to expound the functions of advanced vanadium-based nanomaterials for specific applications. Finally, various challenges and perspectives on vanadium-based nanomaterial development as an emerging energy storage solution are considered.

This book focuses on the development of high-performance carbon electrodes for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). By proposing folded-graphene as the high-density cathode with excellent rate capability, it provides insight into the interplay between oxygen functional groups and folded texture. It also highlights the superiority of ether electrolytes matching with carbon anodes, which are shown to deliver largely improved electrochemical performance. The achievements presented offer a valuable contribution to the carbon-based electrodes in SIBs.

This volume of "Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, Second Edition," covers the electrification of vehicles, which is key to a sustainable future of transportation in both light-duty and heavy-duty vehicle sectors to address global concerns of climate change, air pollutant emissions, energy efficiency and energy security.

This book gathers the proceedings of the 7th International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Materials (ICE-SEAM), held on November 2021, a virtual conference organized in Melaka, Malaysia. It focuses on two relatively broad areas—advanced materials and sustainable energy—and a diverse range of subtopics:

This book gathers the proceedings of the 7th International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Materials (ICE-SEAM), held on November 2021, a virtual conference organized in Melaka, Malaysia. It focuses on two relatively broad areas—advanced materials and sustainable energy—and a diverse range of subtopics:

This textbook covers essential electrochemistry and materials science content and provides an extensive collection of examples in order to bridge the gap between engineering students’ basic knowledge and the concrete skills they need to handle practical problems in fuel cells. The book starts with an introduction to the basic thermodynamics and electrochemistry principles and techniques in fuel cells. It subsequently discusses fuel cell operation principles, electrocatalysts, electrode materials, cell and system configuration and technologies in low-temperature fuel cells such as alkaline fuel cells and proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and in high-temperature fuel cells including solid oxide and molten carbonate fuel cells. Other energy conversion and storage technologies such as supercapacitors, batteries and electrolysis are also covered.

This book provides a comprehensive look at one-dimensional (1D) mesoporous inorganic nanomaterials. Beginning with a systematic presentation of their characterization using advanced electron microscopy techniques, the book discusses how to design the growth of 1D nanomaterials in order to achieve different, application-targeted morphologies such as nanowires, nanorods, nanofibers, nanotubes, and nanobelts. Subsequently, the book systematically summarizes current state-of-the-art research activities, encompassing energy conversion and storage, catalysis, sensing, and adsorption.