Carbon Capture and Storage: Model Regulatory Framework

The Model Framework proposes principles for addressing twenty-nine key issues associated with regulating CCS, based on the work of early-movers such as Australia, Europe and the United States, to assist national and regional CCS regulatory framework development.



For each issue, an explanation is provided as well as examples of how the issue has been addressed in existing legislation.
For CO2 storage issues, base, or "starting point", model legislative text is also provided, which countries and regions can draw on in developing CCS regulatory frameworks

Table of Contents
Foreword
Acknowledgements
List of figures
List of boxes
List of examples
List of tables
Executive summary
1 Introduction
1.1 The importance of carbon capture and storage (CCS)
1.2 The Model Framework
2 Developing CCS regulatory frameworks
2.1 Understanding the broader policy context
2.2 Reviewing existing regulatory frameworks
3 Broad regulatory issues
3.1 Classifying CO2
3.2 Property rights
3.3 Competition with other users and preferential rights issues
3.4 Transboundary movement of CO2
3.5 International laws for the protection of the marine environment
3.6 Providing incentives for CCS as part of climate change mitigation strategies
4 Existing regulatory issues applied to CCS
4.1 Protecting human health
4.2 Composition of the CO2 stream
4.3 The role of environmental impact assessment
4.4 Third-party access to storage site and transportation infrastructure
4.5 Engaging the public in decision making.
5 CCS-specific regulatory issues (capture and transport)
5.1 CO2 capture
5.2 CO2 transportation
6 CCS-specific regulatory issues (storage)
6.1 Scope of framework and prohibitions
6.2 Definitions and terminology applicable to CO2 storage regulations
6.3 Authorisation of storage site exploration activities
6.4 Regulating site selection and characterisation activities
6.5 Authorisation of storage activities
6.6 Project inspections
6.7 Monitoring, reporting and verification requirements
6.8 Corrective measures and remediation measures
6.9 Liability during the project period
6.10 Authorisation for storage site closure
6.11 Liability during the post-closure period
6.12 Financial contributions to post-closure stewardship
7 Emerging CCS regulatory issues
7.1 Sharing knowledge and experience through the demonstration phase
7.2 CCS ready
7.3 Using CCS for biomass-based sources
7.4 Understanding enhanced hydrocarbon recovery with CCS
Annex 1: Model Text
Annex 2: References
Acronyms and abbreviations
Glossary